Microbiota oculare e forme di disbiosi
Il microbiota oculare svolge un ruolo importante nell'equilibrio dell'ecosistema oculare e nella protezione dall'infezione da patogeni esterni. L'alterazione del microbiota oculare, nota come disbiosi, può essere associata a diverse patologie oculari, tra cui congiuntivite, cheratite, uveite e sindrome dell'occhio secco.
La disbiosi del microbiota oculare può essere causata da diversi fattori, tra cui l'uso di antibiotici, la chirurgia oculare, la malattia diabetica, la chemioterapia e l'uso di lenti a contatto.
La disbiosi può portare all'abbassamento della diversità microbica e all'incremento della presenza di alcuni microrganismi, come i batteri Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Propionibacterium acnes.
La disbiosi del microbiota oculare può associarsi ad infiammazione oculare e ridurre la resistenza dell'occhio alle infezioni. Inoltre, può alterare la composizione del film lacrimale, aumentare l'evaporazione delle lacrime e essere presente nella sindrome dell'occhio secco.
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